Surface Junction in Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+d}$ Single Crystals

Abstract

As nature junction geometry of the d-wave cuprate superconductor/insulator/the mixture of s-wave and d-wave cuprate superconductor, the upmost surface junction of intrinsic Josephson junction stack fabricated on Bi${}_2$Sr${}_2$CaCu${}_2$O${}_{8+d}$ single crystals was measured and discussed. We successfully observed half-integral microwave induced steps as well as integral steps with resistively shunting technology, which shows the evidence of second order supercurrent, consistent with Tanaka's theory.