Measuring Nonequilibrium Temperature of Forced Oscillators

Abstract

The meaning of temperature in nonequilibrium thermodynamics is considered by using a forced harmonic oscillator in a heat bath, where we have two effective temperatures for the position and the momentum, respectively. We invent a concrete model of a thermometer to testify the validity of these different temperatures from the operational point of view. It is found that the measured temperature depends on a specific form of interaction between the system and a thermometer, which means the zeroth law of thermodynamics cannot be immediately extended to nonequilibrium cases.

8 pages

References in corpus (2)

• Microscopic expressions for the thermodynamic temperature
• Jarzynski equality for the transitions between nonequilibrium steady states

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