Exact enumeration of the Critical States in the Oslo Model

Abstract

We determine analytically the number $N_{\mathcal{R}}(L)$ of recurrent states in the 1d Oslo model as a function of system size L. The solution $N_{\mathcal{R}}(L)=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2\sqrt{5}}(\frac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}{)}^L+\frac{\sqrt{5}-1}{2\sqrt{5}}(\frac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}{)}^L$ is in exact agreement with the number enumerated in computer simulations for $L=1-10$. For $L\gg 1$, the number of allowed metastable states in the attractor increases exponentially as $N_{\mathcal{R}}(L)\approx c_{+}{\lambda }_{+}^L$, where ${\lambda }_{+}=\frac{3+\sqrt{5}}{2}$ is the golden mean. The system is non-ergodic in the sense that the states in the attractor are not equally probable.

11 pagers, 4 figures, 6 files in all. Apologies for equations in abstract. Submitted to PRL