Freezing transitions and the density of states of 2D random Dirac Hamiltonians

Abstract

Using an exact mapping to disordered Coulomb gases, we introduce a novel method to study two dimensional Dirac fermions with quenched disorder in two dimensions which allows to treat non perturbative freezing phenomena. For purely random gauge disorder it is known that the exact zero energy eigenstate exhibits a freezing-like transition at a threshold value of disorder $\sigma ={\sigma }_{th}=2$. Here we compute the dynamical exponent $z$ which characterizes the critical behaviour of the density of states around zero energy, and find that it also exhibits a phase transition. Specifically, we find that $\rho (E=0+i\epsilon )\sim {\epsilon }^{2/z-1}$ (and $\rho (E)\sim E^{2/z-1}$) with $z=1+\sigma$ for $\sigma <2$ and $z=\sqrt{8\sigma }-1$ for $\sigma >2$. For a finite system size $L<{\epsilon }^{-1/z}$ we find large sample to sample fluctuations with a typical ${\rho }_{\epsilon }(0)\sim L^{z-2}$. Adding a scalar random potential of small variance $\delta$, as in the corresponding quantum Hall system, yields a finite noncritical $\rho (0)\sim {\delta }^{\alpha }$ whose scaling exponent $\alpha$ exhibits two transitions, one at ${\sigma }_{th}/4$ and the other at ${\sigma }_{th}$. These transitions are shown to be related to the one of a directed polymer on a Cayley tree with random signs (or complex) Boltzmann weights. Some observations are made for the strong disorder regime relevant to describe transport in the quantum Hall system.

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