Axisymmetric circumstellar interaction in supernovae

Abstract

Multiwavelength observations of Type II supernovae have shown evidence for the interaction of supernovae with the dense slow winds from the red supergiant progenitor stars. Observations of planetary nebulae and the nebula around SN 1987A show that the slow winds from extended stars frequently have an axisymme- tric structure with a high density in the equatorial plane. We have carried out numerical calculations of the interaction of a supernova with such an axisymme- tric density distribution. For small values of the angular density gradient at the pole, the asymmetry in the interaction shell is greater than, but close to, that expected from purely radial motion. If the angular density gradient is above a moderate value, the flow qualitatively changes and a protrusion emerges along the axis. For a power-law supernova density profile, the flow approaches a self-similar state in which the protrusion length is $2-4$ times the radius of the main shell. The critical density gradient is larger for steeper density profiles of the ejecta. Most of our calculations are axisymmetric, but we have carried out a 3-dimensional calculation to show that the protrusion is not a numerical artifact along the symmetry axis. For typical supernova parameters, the protrusions take $\gtrsim$ several years to develop. The appearance of the shell with protrusions is similar to that observed in VLBI radio images of the remnant 41.9 +58 in M82 and, possibly, of SN 1986J. We also considered the possibility of asymmetric ejecta and found that it had a relatively small effect on the asymmetry of the interaction region.

22 page postscript file (gzipped and uuencoded), 10 gzipped postscript figures may be retrieved from ftp://www.astro.su.se/pub/supernova/blc96_asym/ Submitted to ApJ

Cited by in corpus (68)

• The Expansion Asymmetry and Age of the Cassiopeia A Supernova Remnant
• A Million-Second Chandra View of Cassiopeia A
• Detailed Analysis of Early to Late-Time Spectra of Supernova 1993J
• Multi-wavelength Observations of the Enduring Type IIn Supernovae 2005ip and 2006jd
• Optical and Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of SN 1995N: Evidence for Strong Circumstellar Interaction
• Numerical simulations of super-luminous supernovae of type IIn
• A Detailed Kinematic Map of Cassiopeia A's Optical Main Shell and Outer High-Velocity Ejecta
• The nature of bilateral supernova remnants
• Thermal and non-thermal emission from circumstellar interaction
• Direct Confirmation of the Asymmetry of the Cas A Supernova with Light Echoes
• Hubble Space Telescope and Ground-Based Observations of SN 1993J and SN 1998S: CNO Processing in the Progenitors
• Supernova Interaction with a Circumstellar Medium
• The asymmetric radio remnant of SN 1987A
• Magnetic Rayleigh-Taylor instability for Pulsar Wind Nebulae in expanding Supernova Remnants
• Explosions Driven by the Coalescence of a Compact Object with the Core of a Massive-Star Companion Inside a Common Envelope: Circumstellar Properties, Light Curves, and Population Statistics
• $10^{51}$ Ergs: The Evolution of Shell Supernova Remnants
• Radio Spectral Index Variations and Physical conditions in Kepler's Supernova Remnant
• Type I Superluminous Supernovae as Explosions inside Non-Hydrogen Circumstellar Envelopes
• A Decade of SN1993J: Discovery of Wavelength Effects in the Expansion Rate
• Interaction of Rayleigh-Taylor Fingers and Circumstellar Clodlets in Young Supernova Remnants
• Evolution of the Radio Remnant of SN 1987A: 1990 -- 2001
• The Structure of the Oxygen-rich Supernova Remnant G292.0+1.8 from Chandra X-ray Images: Shocked Ejecta and Circumstellar Medium
• Chandra High-Resolution X-Ray Spectrum of Supernova Remnant 1E0102.2-7219
• SN 1993J VLBI (III): The Evolution of the Radio Shell
• Spherically symmetric relativistic MHD simulations of pulsar wind nebulae in supernova remnants
• Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows in Pulsar-Wind Bubbles
• Core collapse supernova remnants with ears
• Global VLBI Observations of Compact Radio Sources in M82
• The Polar Regions of Cassiopeia A: The Aftermath of a Gamma Ray Burst?
• Asymmetric supernova remnants generated by Galactic, massive runaway stars
• An HST Survey of the Highest-Velocity Ejecta in Cassiopeia A
• SN1993J VLBI (I): The Center of the Explosion and a Limit on Anisotropic Expansion
• Three-dimensional numerical investigations of the morphology of type Ia SNRs
• Faraday rotation of the supernova remnant G296.5+10.0: Evidence for a Magnetized Progenitor Wind
• Fourier Modeling of the Radio Torus Surrounding Supernova 1987A
• SN 1986J VLBI. The Evolution and Deceleration of the Complex Source and a Search for a Pulsar Nebula
• Jets as diagnostics of the circumstellar medium and the explosion energetics of supernovae: the case of Cas A
• Evolution of the Radio Remnant of Supernova 1987A: Morphological Changes from Day 7000
• The effects of spin-down on the structure and evolution of pulsar wind nebulae
• The role of jets in exploding supernovae and in shaping their remnants
• Helium stars exploding in circumstellar material and the origin of Type Ibn supernovae
• Supernova ejecta interacting with a circumstellar disk. I. two-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamic simulations
• "Ears" formation in Supernova Remnants: Overhearing an interaction history with bipolar circumstellar structures
• The Shape of Cas A
• Recent X-Ray Observations of SN1986J with ASCA and ROSAT
• Multi-wavelength study of the supernova remnant Kes 79 (G33.6+0.1): On its supernova properties and expansion into a molecular environment
• The Re-Acceleration of the Shock Wave in the Radio Remnant of SN 1987A
• 8.4GHz VLBI observations of SN2004et in NGC6946
• The Morphologies and Kinematics of Supernova Remnants
• Supernova explosions interacting with aspherical circumstellar material: implications for light curves, spectral line profiles, and polarization
• Axisymmetric smoothed particle hydrodynamics with self-gravity
• The sculpting of rectangular and jet-like morphologies in supernova remnants by anisotropic equatorially-confined progenitor stellar winds
• A Detailed Archival CHANDRA Study of the Young Core-Collapse Supernova Remnant 1E 0102.2-7219 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• On the bipolarity of Wolf-Rayet nebulae
• Moving-mesh radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of wind-reprocessed transients
• Modeling Gamma-ray burst Afterglow observations with an Off-axis Jet emission
• Asymmetric Ejecta Distribution of the Cygnus Loop revealed with Suzaku
• On the origin of the jet-like radio/X-ray morphology of G290.1-0.8
• Mixing of materials in magnetised core-collapse supernova remnants
• Supernovae Shock Breakout/Emergence Detection Predictions for a Wide-Field X-ray Survey
• Mapping High-velocity H-alpha and Lyman-alpha Emission from Supernova 1987A
• Afterglow light curves of the non-relativistic ejecta mass in a stratified circumstellar medium
• Shaping `Ears' in planetary nebulae by early jets
• GMRT observations of four suspected supernova remnants near the Galactic Centre
• The Cassiopeia Filament: A Blown Spur of the Local Arm
• Moderate Asphericity of the SN 2002ic Circumstellar Envelope
• Theoretical X-ray light curves of young SNe II: the example of SN 2013ej
• A Physical Model of Delayed Rebrightenings in Shock-interacting Supernovae without Narrow Line Emission