Dark Energy from Brane-world Gravity

Abstract

Recent observations provide strong evidence that the universe is accelerating. This confronts theory with a severe challenge. Explanations of the acceleration within the framework of general relativity are plagued by difficulties. General relativistic models require a "dark energy" field with effectively negative pressure. An alternative to dark energy is that gravity itself may behave differently from general relativity on the largest scales, in such a way as to produce acceleration. The alternative approach of modified gravity also faces severe difficulties, but does provide a new angle on the problem. This review considers an example of modified gravity, provided by brane-world models that self-accelerate at late times.

Based on a talk at the 3rd Aegean Summer School, Chios, September 2005

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• Constraining the evolution of dark energy with type Ia supernovae and gamma-ray bursts
• 7D Randall-Sundrum cosmology, brane-bulk energy exchange and holography
• Colliding branes and formation of spacetime singularities in string theory
• Orbifold Branes in the $M_D\times M_{d^{+}}\times M_{d^{-}}$ Compactification of type II string on $S^1/Z_2$ and their cosmological applications