Radiative Processes, Spectral States and Variability of Black-Hole Binaries

Abstract

We review radiative processes responsible for X-ray emission in hard (low) and soft (high) spectral states of black-hole binaries. The main process in the hard state appears to be scattering of blackbody photons from a cold disk by thermal electrons in a hot inner flow, and any contribution from nonthermal synchrotron emission is at most small. In the soft states, blackbody disk emission dominates energetically, and its high-energy tail is due to scattering by hybrid, thermal/nonthermal electrons, probably in active regions above the disk surface. State transitions appear to correspond to a variable inner radius of the cold disk driven by changes of the accretion rate. The existence of two accretion solutions, hot and cold, in a range of the accretion rate leads to hysteresis in low-mass X-ray binaries.

Proceedings of "Stellar-mass, intermediate-mass, and supermassive black holes", Kyoto, 10.2003

Cited by in corpus (206)

• X-ray Properties of Black-Hole Binaries
• Hot Accretion Flows Around Black Holes
• Advection-Dominated Accretion and the Black Hole Event Horizon
• Gamma-ray binaries and related systems
• Numerical Simulation of Hot Accretion Flows (II): Nature, Origin, and Properties of Outflow and Their Possible Observational Applications
• Discovery of extreme particle acceleration in the microquasar Cygnus X-3
• X-ray Polarization from Accreting Black Holes: Coronal Emission
• An Accretion-Jet Model for Black Hole Binaries: Interpreting the Spectral and Timing Features of XTE J1118+480
• Black hole accretion disks in the canonical low-hard state
• A systematic look at the Very High and Low/Hard state of GX 339-4: Constraining the black hole spin with a new reflection model
• Spectral and temporal properties of Compton scattering by mildly relativistic thermal electrons
• Correlation between the photon index and X-ray luminosity of black hole X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei: observations and interpretation
• The Nature of X-ray Bright Optically Normal Galaxies
• X-ray emission from black-hole binaries
• A Highly Magnified Star at Redshift 6.2
• XMM-Newton Archival Study of the ULX Population in Nearby Galaxies
• Suzaku Results on Cygnus X-1 in the Low/Hard State
• Radiative magnetic reconnection near accreting black holes
• Hot accretion flow in black hole binaries: a link connecting X-rays to the infrared
• The Intrinsically X-ray Weak Quasar PHL 1811. I. X-ray Observations and Spectral Energy Distribution
• Superorbital variability of X-ray and radio emission of Cyg X-1 - II. Dependence of the orbital modulation and spectral hardness on the superorbital phase
• On the origin of spectral states in accreting black holes
• The broad-band spectrum of Cygnus X-1 measured by INTEGRAL
• Broad-band spectra of Cyg X-1 and correlations between spectral characteristics
• Modelling spectral and timing properties of accreting black holes: the hybrid hot flow paradigm
• Accretion disks and coronae in the X-ray flashlight
• Insight-HXMT observations of jet-like corona in a black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070
• Patterns of energy-dependent variability from Comptonization
• Truncated disc versus extremely broad iron line in XTE J1650-500
• Re-condensation from an ADAF into an inner disk - the intermediate state of black hole accretion?
• A synchrotron self-Compton -- disk reprocessing model for optical/X-ray correlation in black hole X-ray binaries
• Analysis of NuSTAR and Suzaku observations of Cyg X-1 in the hard state: evidence for a truncated disc geometry
• The black hole transient MAXI J1348-630: evolution of the compact and transient jets during its 2019/2020 outburst
• Doughnut strikes sandwich: the geometry of hot medium in accreting black hole X-ray binaries
• Spectral analysis of the XMM-Newton data of GX 339-4 in the low/hard state: disc truncation and reflection
• Time-dependent modeling of radiative processes in hot magnetized plasmas
• High-energy gamma-ray emission from Cyg X-1 measured by Fermi and its theoretical implications
• Episodic Transient Gamma-Ray Emission from the Microquasar Cygnus X-1
• Kinetic Simulations of Radiative Magnetic Reconnection in the Coronae of Accreting Black Holes
• The MeV spectral tail in Cyg X-1 and optically-thin emission of jets
• Detection of gamma rays of likely jet origin in Cygnus X-1
• Reconnection in Marginally Collisionless Accretion Disk Coronae
• Near-infrared jet emission in the microquasar XTE J1550-564
• X-ray spectral transitions of black holes from RXTE All-Sky Monitor
• GRS 1915+105: the distance, radiative processes and energy-dependent variability
• Polarized X-rays from windy accretion in Cygnus X-1
• Scaling variability from stellar to supermassive black holes
• Evolution of the 0.01 - 25 Hz power spectral components in Cygnus X-1
• A compact pulsar wind nebula model of the gamma-ray loud binary LS I +61 303
• Modeling the hard states of XTE J1550--564 during its 2000 outburst
• Effects of the stellar wind on X-ray spectra of Cygnus X-3
• The role of the disk magnetization on the hysteresis behavior of X-ray binaries
• The magnetic field in the X-ray corona of Cygnus X-1
• On how much X-ray and UV radiation processes are coupled in accretion disks: AGN case
• Spectral variability of GX 339-4 in a hard-to-soft state transition
• Evidence for a Cool Disk and Inhomogeneous Coronae from Wide-band Temporal Spectroscopy of Cygnus X-1 with Suzaku
• Magic constraints on Gamma-ray emission from Cygnus X-3
• Self-Similar Solution of Hot Accretion Flows with Ordered Magnetic Field and Outflow
• Black Hole Binaries and Microquasars
• The nature of the hard state of Cygnus X-3
• Evidence for an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole: Chandra and XMM-Newton Observations of the Ultraluminous Supersoft X-ray Source in M101 during its 2004 Outburst
• Spectral variability in Cygnus X-3
• Spectroscopic evidence for a low-mass black hole in SWIFT J1753.5-0127
• On the Origin of Ultraviolet Emission and the Accretion Model of Low-luminosity AGNs
• On the lamppost model of accreting black holes
• Improved spectral models for relativistic reflection
• Compton scattering as the explanation of the peculiar X-ray properties of Cyg X-3
• X-ray quasi-periodic oscillations in Lense--Thirring precession model - I. variability of relativistic continuum
• Periodic long-term X-ray and radio variability of Cygnus X-1
• Cosmic Backgrounds from Miniquasars
• An optically-thick disk wind in GRO J1655-40?
• FUSE Observation of the Narrow-line Seyfert 1 Galaxy RE 1034+39
• Probing the behaviour of the X-ray binary Cygnus X-3 with very-long-baseline radio interferometry
• Dramatic Drop in the X-Ray Polarization of Swift J1727.8$-$1613 in the Soft Spectral State
• Energetics of a black hole: constraints on the jet velocity and the nature of the X-ray emitting region in Cyg X-1
• Variability and spectral modeling of the hard X-ray emission of GX 339-4 in a bright low/hard state
• Comptonization by Reconnection Plasmoids in Black Hole Coronae I: Magnetically Dominated Pair Plasma
• PoGOLite - A High Sensitivity Balloon-Borne Soft Gamma-ray Polarimeter
• X-ray Insights Into Interpreting CIV Blueshifts and Optical/UV Continua
• An intense state of hard X-ray emission of Cyg X-1 observed by INTEGRAL coincident with TeV measurements
• A classification of the X-ray and radio states of Cyg X-3 and their long-term correlations
• X-ray variability patterns and radio/X-ray correlations in Cyg X-1
• Radiative Particle-in-Cell Simulations of Turbulent Comptonization in Magnetized Black-Hole Coronae
• Accretion Disk Spectra of the Brightest Ultra-luminous X-ray Source in M82
• Evolution of the accretion disk-corona during bright hard-to-soft state transition: A reflection spectroscopic study with GX 339-4
• The unification of relativistic jets
• AGILE detection of Cygnus X-3 γ-ray active states during the period mid-2009/mid-2010
• Unveiling the high energy tail of 1E 1740.7-2942 with INTEGRAL
• Probing the temporal variability of Cygnus X-1 into the soft state
• Non-interacting black hole binaries with Gaia and LAMOST
• INTEGRAL and RXTE monitoring of GRS 1758-258 in 2003 and 2004. A transition from the dim soft state to the hard state
• 1E 1740.7-2942: temporal and spectral evolution from INTEGRAL and RXTE observations
• Recovery of the X-ray polarisation of Swift J1727.8$-$1613 after the soft-to-hard spectral transition
• The INTEGRAL view on Black Hole X-ray Binaries
• Fundamental X-ray Corona Parameters of Swift/BAT AGN
• Disentangling jet and disc emission from the 2005 outburst of XTE J1118+480
• INTEGRAL spectral variability study of the atoll 4U 1820-30: first detection of hard X-ray emission
• Magnetic inversion as a mechanism for the spectral transition of black hole binaries
• Expanding hot flow in the black hole binary SWIFT J1753.5-0127: evidence from optical timing
• High-precision optical polarimetry of the accreting black hole V404 Cyg during the June 2015 outburst
• Colours of black holes: infrared flares from the hot accretion disc in XTE J1550-564
• Hot accretion flow with radiative cooling: state transitions in black hole X-ray binaries
• Discovery of correlated optical/X-ray quasi-periodic oscillations in black hole binary SWIFT J1753.5-0127
• Revisiting the Thermal Stability of Radiation-dominated Thin Disks
• 3-200 keV spectral states and variability of the INTEGRAL Black Hole binary IGR J17464-3213
• Missing hard states and regular outbursts: the puzzling case of the black hole candidate 4U 1630-472
• The long outburst of the black hole transient GRS 1716-249 observed in the X-ray and radio band
• Bulk motion Comptonization in black-hole accretion flows
• Spectral and timing evolution of the bright failed outburst of the transient black hole Swift J174510.8-262411
• General-relativistic model of hot accretion flows with global Compton cooling
• Radiative Properties of Magnetically-Arrested Disks
• Comptonization by Reconnection Plasmoids in Black Hole Coronae II: Electron-Ion Plasma
• First X-ray polarization measurement confirms the low black-hole spin in LMC X-3
• Spectral states of the X-ray binary IGR J17091--3624 observed by INTEGRAL and RXTE
• The doubling of the superorbital period of Cyg X-1
• The Galactic LMXB Population and the Galactic Centre Region
• X-ray polarization from accretion disk winds
• Wind, jet, hybrid corona and hard X-ray flares: multiwavelength evolution of GRO J1655-40 during the 2005 outburst rise
• Interference as an origin of the peaked noise in accreting X-ray binaries
• The hard to soft transition of GX 339-4 as seen by Insight-HXMT
• Population III X-ray Binaries and their Impact on the Early Universe
• Very high energy gamma-ray production inside the massive binary system Cyg X-1/HDE 226868
• Monte Carlo simulations of global Compton cooling in inner regions of hot accretion flows
• Associated Spectral and Temporal State Transition of the bright ULX NGC1313 X-1
• Physical constraints from near-infrared fast photometry of the black-hole transient GX 339-4
• X-ray Spectral and Timing evolution of MAXI J1727-203 with NICER
• Radiative plasma simulations of black hole accretion flow coronae in the hard and soft states
• The first detection of Compton Reflection in the Low-Mass X-ray Binary 4U1705-44 with INTEGRAL and BeppoSAX
• Interplay of spectral components in timing properties of accreting compact objects
• Jet-dominated quiescent states in black hole X-ray binaries: the case of V404 Cyg
• Broad-band X-ray spectral evolution of GX 339-4 during a state transition
• The Dynamics of Truncated Black Hole Accretion Disks II: Magnetohydrodynamic Case
• Superorbital variability of X-ray and radio emission of Cyg X-1. I. Emission anisotropy of precessing sources
• Spectral and Timing Studies of Cyg X-1 in the Low/Hard State with Suzaku
• On the wind production from hot accretion flows with different accretion rates
• Nonthermal emission from the plunging region: a model for the high-energy tail of black hole X-ray binary soft states
• Quasi-periodic oscillations under wavelet microscope: the application of Matching Pursuit algorithm
• Accretion geometry of the black hole binary MAXI J1820+070 probed by frequency-resolved spectroscopy
• Energy-dependent variability from accretion flows
• Bulk Motions in the Black Hole Jet Sheath as a Candidate for the Comptonizing Corona
• Quantifying energetics and dissipation in magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
• On the influence of relativistic effects on X-ray variability of accreting black holes
• The evolving radio jet from the neutron star X-ray binary 4U 1820$-$30
• Multiwavelength observations of MAXI J1820+070 during its outburst decay and subsequent mini-outburst
• On the nature of the soft gamma-ray emission in the hard state of the black hole transient GRS 1716-249
• Fast transitions of X-ray variability in the black hole transient GX 339--4: comparison with MAXI J1820+070 and MAXI J1348-630
• Observational evidence for AGNs feedback at parsec scale
• INTEGRAL and BeppoSAX observations of the transient atoll source 4U 1608-522: from quiescent to hard spectral state
• Modeling the hard states of three black hole candidates
• The physical origin of the X-ray power spectral density break timescale in accreting black holes
• X-ray-binary spectra in the lamp post model
• Jets in the soft state in Cyg X-3 caused by advection of the donor magnetic field and unification with low-mass X-ray binaries
• The Effects of Magnetic Field Strength on Properties of Wind Generated from Hot Accretion Flow
• X-ray spectra of hot accretion flows
• Damped harmonic oscillator interpretation of the soft-state power spectra of Cyg X-1
• Cooling of Accretion Disc Coronae by Type I X-ray Bursts
• Viscous propagation of mass flow variability in accretion discs
• Thermal wind from hot accretion flows at large radii
• Observations of Cygnus X-1 in the MeV band by the INTEGRAL imager
• Spectral evolution of the X-ray nova XTE J1859+226 during its outburst observed by BeppoSAX and RXTE
• The persistent radio jet coupled to hard X-rays in the soft state of Cyg X-1
• A truncated accretion disk in the galactic black hole source H1743-322
• Numerical Study on Outflows in Seyfert Galaxies I: Narrow Line Region Outflows in NGC 4151
• Radio/X-ray Correlation in the Mini-Outburts of Black Hole X-ray Transient GRS 1739--278
• First broad band study of the mysterious source 1E 1743.1-2843
• The X-ray spectral-timing contribution of the stellar wind in the hard state of Cyg X-1
• The Dynamics of Truncated Black Hole Accretion Disks I: Viscous, Hydrodynamic Case
• Inside charged black holes I. Baryons
• Variability of X-ray polarization of Cyg X-1
• Peering into the tilted heart of Cyg X-1 with high-precision optical polarimetry
• A Model for Spectral States and Their Transition in Cyg X-1
• Correlating nonlinear properties with spectral states of RXTE data: Possible observational evidences for four different accretion modes around compact objects
• Broad-Band High-Energy Emission of the Gamma-ray Binary System LS 5039: Spectral and Temporal Features using NuSTAR and Fermi Observations
• Investigating the nature and properties of MAXI J1810-222 with radio and X-ray observations
• NuSTAR observations of the ultraluminous X-ray source M33 X-8: a black hole in a very high state?
• Relativistic Accretion Mediated by Turbulent Comptonization
• Broadband X-ray properties of black holes GRS 1758-258 and 1E 1740.7-2942: AstroSat and NuSTAR results
• Jet disc coupling in black hole binaries
• Accretion Disc Evolution in GRO J1655-40 and LMC X-3 with Relativistic and Non-Relativistic Disc Models
• Modelling the energy dependencies of X-ray quasi-periodic oscillations in accreting compact objects
• Self-consistent computation of gamma-ray spectra due to proton-proton interactions in black hole systems
• A year-long AGILE observation of Cygnus X-1 in hard spectral state
• Suzaku Observation of X-ray Variability in Soft State LMC X-1
• Modeling the Spectrum of IGR J17177-3656
• Comptonization by Reconnection Plasmoids in Black Hole Coronae III: Dependence on the Guide Field in Pair Plasma
• Jet-dominated quiescent state in black hole X-ray binaries: the cases of A0620--00 and XTE J1118+480
• Fast X-ray/IR observations of the black hole transient Swift~J1753.5--0127: from an IR lead to a very long jet lag
• Reverberation lags viewed in hard X-rays from an accreting stellar-mass black hole
• Studying temporal variability of GRS1739-278 during the 2014 outburst
• Wavelet analysis: a new significance test for signals dominated by intrinsic red-noise variability
• Spectral Properties of Black Holes in Gamma Rays
• An Observational Signature of Sub-Equipartition Magnetic Fields in the Spectra of Black Hole Binaries
• Modeling fast X-ray variability around an accreting black hole
• Misalignment of the Lense-Thirring precession by an accretion torque
• The kilo-second variability of X-ray sources in nearby galaxies
• High-energy observations of black hole binaries with the INTEGRAL satellite
• Ultraviolet spectroscopy of the black hole X-ray binary MAXI J1820+070 across a state transition
• A Monte Carlo Study of the Spectra from Inhomogeneous Accretion Flow
• Boson Cloud Atlas: Direct mass measurements of superradiance clouds near black holes
• Accretion Geometry of Black Hole X-ray Binaries: Insights from X-ray Observations
• Time Domain Astronomy with the THESEUS Satellite
• Comprehensive Spectral Analysis of Cyg X-1 using RXTE Data
• X-ray Spectra From Weakly Magnetized Accretion Flows
• X-ray and Gamma-ray Emission from a High-Temperature Plasma and the Spectra of Accreting Black Holes
• Cherenkov Telescope results on gamma-ray binaries
• Pair-Regulated Klein-Nishina Relativistic Magnetic Reconnection with Applications to Blazars and Accreting Black Holes