Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Abstract

I briefly review our current understanding of dark matter and dark energy. The first part of this paper focusses on issues pertaining to dark matter including observational evidence for its existence, current constraints and the `abundance of substructure' and `cuspy core' issues which arise in CDM. I also briefly describe MOND. The second part of this review focusses on dark energy. In this part I discuss the significance of the cosmological constant problem which leads to a predicted value of the cosmological constant which is almost $10^{123}$ times larger than the observed value $\la/8πG \simeq 10^{-47}$GeV${}^4$. Setting $\la$ to this small value ensures that the acceleration of the universe is a fairly recent phenomenon giving rise to the `cosmic coincidence' conundrum according to which we live during a special epoch when the density in matter and $\la$ are almost equal. Anthropic arguments are briefly discussed but more emphasis is placed upon dynamical dark energy models in which the equation of state is time dependent. These include Quintessence, Braneworld models, Chaplygin gas and Phantom energy. Model independent methods to determine the cosmic equation of state and the Statefinder diagnostic are also discussed. The Statefinder has the attractive property $\atridot/a H^3 = 1 $ for LCDM, which is helpful for differentiating between LCDM and rival dark energy models. The review ends with a brief discussion of the fate of the universe in dark energy models.

40 pages, 11 figures, Lectures presented at the Second Aegean Summer School on the Early Universe, Syros, Greece, September 2003, New References added Final version to appear in the Proceedings; typo's corrected. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0910.5406, arXiv:0808.0826, arXiv:1105.1087 by other authors

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Cited by in corpus (326)

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• Interacting Dark Energy and Dark Matter: observational Constraints from Cosmological Parameters
• Reconstructing $f(R,T)$ gravity from holographic dark energy
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• Probing interaction and spatial curvature in the holographic dark energy model
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• Interacting models may be key to solve the cosmic coincidence problem
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• Density perturbations in f(R) gravity theories in metric and Palatini formalisms
• String-inspired cosmology: Late time transition from scaling matter era to dark energy universe caused by a Gauss-Bonnet coupling
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• Interacting models of soft coincidence
• Exactly Solvable SFT Inspired Phantom Model
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• Physical approximations for the nonlinear evolution of perturbations in dark energy scenarios
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• Dark Energy in Practice
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• Explicit Integration of Friedmann's Equation with Nonlinear Equations of State
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• Fractional Action Cosmology: Emergent, Logamediate, Intermediate, Power law Scenarios of the Universe and Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics
• A variational analysis of Einstein-scalar field Lichnerowicz equations on compact Riemannian manifolds
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• Cosmic acceleration from modified gravity with Palatini formalism
• Cartan symmetries and global dynamical systems analysis in a higher-order modified teleparallel theory
• Nonparametric reconstruction of the cosmic expansion with local regression smoothing and simulation extrapolation
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• Reconstructing the interaction rate in holographic models of dark energy
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• String inspired explanation for the super-acceleration of our universe
• Type I singularities and the Phantom Menace
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• $\Lambda$-CDM Universe: A Phenomenological Approach With Many Possibilities
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• Generalized Rastall's gravity and its effects on compact objects
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• Remarks on the Generalized Chaplygin Gas
• Compatibility between the scalar field models of tachyon, $k$-essence and quintessence in $f(R,T)$ gravity
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• A Massive Field-Theoretic Model for Hodge Theory
• Dynamical systems analysis of phantom models
• A Unified Model of Phantom Energy and Dark Matter
• Dark energy interacting with dark matter and unparticle
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• $w_d=-1$ in interacting quintessence model
• Inflation and Quintessence: Theoretical Approach of Cosmological Reconstruction
• Constraining Screened Modified Gravity by Space-borne Gravitational-wave Detectors
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• A New Type of Dark Energy Model
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• Evolution of perturbations in distinct classes of canonical scalar field models of dark energy
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• Electrodynamics of a Cosmic Dark Fluid
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• Future deceleration due to cosmic backreaction in presence of the event horizon
• Crossing the Phantom divide line in the Chaplygin gas model
• Scalar potentials out of canonical quantum cosmology
• Exact Scalar-Tensor Cosmological Solutions via Noether Symmetry
• Stellar Structure Equations in Extended Palatini Gravity
• A dynamical systems study of the inhomogeneous Lambda-CDM model
• Logarithm of the scale factor as a generalised coordinate in a lagrangian for dark matter and dark energy
• Observational Constraints on the Normal Branch of a Warped DGP Cosmology
• Configurational Entropy and braneworlds in f(T,B) gravity
• Neutrino generated dynamical dark energy with no dark energy field
• Power-Law and Logarithmic Entropy-Corrected Ricci Viscous Dark Energy and Dynamics of Scalar Fields
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• A Dark Energy Model with Generalized Uncertainty Principle in the Emergent, Intermediate and Logamediate Scenarios of the Universe
• Exact Solutions of the Equations of Relativistic Hydrodynamics Representing Potential Flows
• Cosmological dynamics of a non-minimally coupled bulk scalar field in DGP setup
• Future evolution in a backreaction model and the analogous scalar field cosmology
• A power-law coupled three-form dark energy model
• Estimating Temperature Fluctuations in the Early Universe
• First cosmological constraints on the Superfluid Chaplygin gas model
• Cosmological constraints on Agegraphic dark energy in DGP braneworld gravity
• Phantom Energy with Variable G and Lambda
• Phantom fields: bounce solutions in the early Universe and S-branes
• Effect of cosmic backreaction on the future evolution of an accelerating universe
• Quintessential and phantom power-law solutions in scalar tensor model of dark energy
• Entropy of Microwave Background Radiation in Observable Universe
• Time variable $\Lambda$ and the accelerating Universe
• Leptonic Dark Energy and Baryogenesis
• Scalar-field Pressure in Induced Gravity with Higgs Potential and Dark Matter
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• Dynamical analysis for a scalar-tensor model with kinetic and non-minimal couplings
• Classification of the FRW universe with a cosmological constant and a perfect fluid of the equation of state $p=w\rho$
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• The Scale Factor in the Universe with Dark Energy
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• Viable dark energy models using pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons
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• Age problem in holographic dark energy
• CMB anisotropy induced by tachyonic perturbations of dark energy
• Configurational Entropy as a tool to select a physical Thick Brane Model
• Phantom energy from graded algebras
• A Better Way to Reconstruct Dark Energy Models ?
• Generalized particle dynamics: modifying the motion of particles and branes
• Thermodynamics in Kaluza-Klein Universe
• Dwarf Galaxies without Dark Matter: constraints on Modified Gravity
• Dark Energy and Dark Matter Interaction: Kernels of Volterra Type and Coincidence Problem
• Magnetic Seed and Cosmology as Quantum Hall Effect
• Reconstruction of the interaction term between dark matter and dark energy using SNe Ia
• 4D static solutions with interacting phantom fields
• Non-vacum conformally flat space-times: dark energy
• A dynamical system analysis of bouncing cosmology with spatial curvature
• Nonlinear spinor field in Bianchi type-I cosmology: accelerated regimes
• The Cosmology of Asymmetric Brane Modified Gravity
• Dark Energy and Dark Matter From Hidden Symmetry of Gravity Model with a Non-Riemannian Volume Form
• A coupled generalized three-form dark energy model
• Anisotropic Dark Energy and the Generalized Second Law of Thermodynamics
• Reconstructing modified gravity with holographic vacuum energy density
• Quintessential Inflation, Unified Dark Energy and Dark Matter, and Higgs Mechanism
• Cosmological implications of non-minimally coupled f(Q) gravity
• Dilaton-scalar models in context of generalized affine gravity theories: their properties and integrability
• Gravitational Slip parameter and Gravitational Waves in Einstein-Cartan theory
• Complex-Dynamic Cosmology and Emergent World Structure
• Chameleon stars supported by a cosmological scalar field
• Space-time curvature due to quantum vacuum fluctuations: An alternative to dark energy?
• Constraints on Metastable Dark Energy Decaying into Dark Matter
• Time Evolution of the Matter Content of the Expanding Universe in the Framework of Brans-Dicke Gravity
• Phantom thick brane in 5D bulk
• On the self-similar motion of a gravitating Chaplygin fluid
• Reconstruction of the interaction term between dark matter and dark energy using SNe Ia, BAO, CMB, H(z) and X-ray gas mass fraction
• Algebraic expansions for curvature coupled scalar field models
• Particle scattering by a test fluid on a Schwarzschild spacetime: the equation of state matters
• Interacting Induced Dark Energy Model
• Modified gravity with disappearing cosmological constant
• Bounding f(R,T) gravity by particle creation
• Entropic considerations on the Universe and Universe-Black Hole Systems
• Flat Galactic Rotation Curves from Geometry in Weyl Gravity
• Holographic connection of f(G) gravity through Barrow and a generalized version of holographic dark fluid
• Chameleon dark matter stars
• Exact solutions in a scalar-tensor model of dark energy
• On a class of scaling FRW cosmological models
• Constraining the runaway dilaton and quintessential dark energy
• Possible use of self-calibration to reduce systematic uncertainties in determining distance-redshift relation via gravitational radiation from merging binaries
• Accelerating Universe: Observational Status and Theoretical Implications
• Cosmological Problem Solution by Complex-Dynamical Interaction Analysis
• A causal viscous cosmology without singularities
• The influence of quintessence on the motion of a binary system in cosmology
• The Higgs Field and the Jordan Brans Dicke Cosmology
• An Exploration of Heterogeneity in Supernova Type Ia Samples
• On A Cosmological Invariant as an Observational Probe in the Early Universe
• Cosmological scalar fields that mimic the $\Lambda CDM$ cosmological model
• Schwarzschild black hole in dark energy background
• APSIS - an Artificial Planetary System in Space to probe extra-dimensional gravity and MOND
• Dynamical analysis for a scalar-tensor model with Gauss-Bonnet and non-minimal couplings
• Instability of scalar perturbation in a phantomic cosmological scenario
• FLRW Cosmology of Induced Dark Energy Model and Open Universe
• New Constraints on Dark Energy
• Quintessence, Unified Dark Energy and Dark Matter, and Confinement/Deconfinement Mechanism
• Orbifold Branes in the $M_D\times M_{d^{+}}\times M_{d^{-}}$ Compactification of type II string on $S^1/Z_2$ and their cosmological applications
• Astrophysical evidence for an extra dimension: phenomenology of a Kaluza Klein theory
• A Joint Analysis of Strong Lensing and Type Ia Supernovae to Determine the Hubble Constant
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• Late-time Cosmology without Dark Sector but with Closed String Massless Sector
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• Testing fifth forces from the Galactic dark matter
• Particle mixing as possible explanation of the dark energy conundrum
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• A Study on the Expanding Universe Based on a Model of the Time Variation of its Matter Content in the Framework of Brans-Dicke Theory
• $\Lambda$CDM without cosmological constant
• Dynamics of a spherically symmetric inhomogeneous coupled dark energy model with coupling term proportional to non relatvistic matter
• Scalar field in cosmology: Potential for isotropization and inflation
• A Viable model for modified gravity
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• The holographic principle and the cosmological constant
• Effects of the quantum vacuum at a cosmic scale and of dark energy
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