Hot Interstellar Gas and Stellar Energy Feedback in the Antennae Galaxies

Abstract

We have analyzed Chandra archival observations of the Antennae galaxies to study the distribution and physical properties of its hot interstellar gas. Eleven distinct diffuse X-ray emission regions are selected according to their underlying interstellar structures and star formation activity. The X-ray spectra of these regions are used to determine their thermal energy contents and cooling timescales. Young star clusters in these regions are also identified and their photometric measurements are compared to evolutionary stellar population synthesis models to assess their masses and ages. The cluster properties are then used to determine the stellar wind and supernova energies injected into the ISM. Comparisons between the thermal energy in the hot ISM and the expected stellar energy input show that young star clusters are sufficient to power the X-ray-emitting gas in some, but not all, active star formation regions. Super-star clusters, with masses >= 1x10^5 M_sol, heat the ISM, but the yield of hot interstellar gas is not directly proportional to the cluster mass. Finally, there exist diffuse X-ray emission regions which do not show active star formation or massive young star clusters. These regions may be powered by field stars or low-mass clusters formed within the last ~100 Myr.

arXiv comment36 pages, 6 figures, 8 tables, 2 appendices, to appear in the Astrophysical Journal, April 20 issue

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• The Young Star Cluster System in the Antennae: Evidence for a Turnover in the luminosity function
• Chemical enrichment of the complex hot ISM of the Antennae Galaxies: II. Physical properties of the hot gas and supernova feedback
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• Diffuse X-ray-emitting Gas in Major Mergers
• Wolf-Rayet stars in the Antennae unveiled by MUSE