Irreducible mass and energetics of an electromagnetic black hole

Abstract

The mass-energy formula for a black hole endowed with electromagnetic structure (EMBH) is clarified for the nonrotating case. The irreducible mass $M_{\mathrm{irr}}$ is found to be independent of the electromagnetic field and explicitly expressable as a function of the rest mass, the gravitational energy and the kinetic energy of the collapsing matter at the horizon. The electromagnetic energy is distributed throughout the entire region extending from the horizon of the EMBH to infinity. We discuss two conceptually different mechanisms of energy extraction occurring respectively in an EMBH with electromagnetic fields smaller and larger than the critical field for vacuum polarization. For a subcritical EMBH the energy extraction mechanism involves a sequence of discrete elementary processes implying the decay of a particle into two oppositely charged particles. For a supercritical EMBH an alternative mechanism is at work involving an electron-positron plasma created by vacuum polarization. The energetics of these mechanisms as well as the definition of the spatial regions in which thay can occur are given. The physical implementations of these ideas are outlined for ultrahigh energy cosmic rays UHECR) and gamma ray bursts (GRBs).

8 pages, 1 figure, to appear on Physics Letters B

References in corpus (4)

• On the interpretation of the burst structure of GRBs
• On a possible GRB-supernova time sequence
• Relative space-time transformations in GRBs
• On the electromagnetic field of a charged collapsing spherical shell in general relativity

Cited by in corpus (15)

• Einstein-Euler-Heisenberg Theory and charged black holes
• On the structures in the afterglow peak emission of gamma ray bursts
• On Plasma Oscillations in Strong Electric Fields
• $e^{-}{e}^{+}$ pair creation by vacuum polarization around electromagnetic black holes
• Electron and positron pair production of compact stars
• Evidence Against Astrophysical Dyadospheres
• GRB 980425, SN1998bw and the EMBH model
• On the electromagnetic field of a charged collapsing spherical shell in general relativity
• Observational signatures of an electromagnetic overcritical gravitational collapse
• On a Separatrix in the Gravitational Collapse to an Overcritical Electromagnetic Black Hole
• Fundamental physics from black holes, neutron stars and gamma-ray bursts
• Gravitational and electric energies in the collapse of a spherical thin-shell capacitor
• Energy Extraction From Gravitational Collapse to Static Black Holes
• On the Curvature Invariants of the Massive Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli Black Holes and Their Holographic Pictures
• Holography of AdS Hairy Black Holes and Cardy-Verlinde Formula