A dual-moment framework toward unification of the four fundamental interactions

Abstract

The unification of the four fundamental interactions remains one of the central open challenges in fundamental physics. Most existing unification scenarios rely on extra spatial dimensions, novel symmetry structures, or unobserved dynamical degrees of freedom. In this work, we construct a minimal phenomenological dual-moment framework rooted in primitive charges and motion-induced kinetic moments. Gravitational, electromagnetic, and strong interactions are coherently described within a unified inverse-square-law formalism. We postulate a universal coupling relation $T=Z/c^2$ that connects source-charge coupling coefficients and moment-mediated coupling coefficients across different interaction sectors. While the framework can formally accommodate weak-charge degrees of freedom, full quantitative computations for weak-interaction dynamics are deferred to future follow-up studies. The model reproduces established low-energy dynamical limits for planetary orbits, atomic systems, and heavy-quark hadrons, and predicts distinguishable corrections to light deflection by rapidly spinning compact objects. We further design three independent test schemes: improved torsion-balance measurements, a mass-current laboratory deflection experiment, and astronomical light-bending observations. Although laboratory measurements impose formidable technical challenges, astronomical observations of compact spinning objects offer promising avenues to constrain or falsify the proposed framework.

arXiv comment8 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Physical Review D. A classical unified framework for four fundamental interactions, with gravitational lensing and torsion balance tests