Axion-Photon Conversion in Variable-Domain Magnetic Fields and the Highest-Energy Photons from GRB 221009A

Abstract

We investigate photon-ALP conversion as a simultaneous explanation of the ultra-high-energy photons observed from GRB 221009A by LHAASO and of the $\sim 300$ TeV photon reported by Carpet-3. We model the magnetic field of the host galaxy as a set of domains with randomly oriented field directions and variable domain lengths, and propagate the photon-ALP system through the host galaxy, the intergalactic medium and the Milky Way. Fitting the combined LHAASO and Carpet-3 spectra, we find that a broad distribution of domain lengths raises the photon survival probability at the highest energies and accommodates the Carpet-3 point with photon-ALP conversion alone. The best fit, $m_a=3.85\times 10^{-7}$~eV and $g_{a\gamma }=3.07\times 10^{-11}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$, lies below the CAST bound, and parts of the $1\sigma$ and $2\sigma$ regions are also compatible with it.

arXiv comment12 pages, 8 figures