The Lorentz Threshold in Fourier Restriction

Abstract

Classical Stein--Tomas restriction controls a Fourier transform on a curved surface, but the estimate changes when its values lie in a Banach space. We determine the sharp Lorentz threshold at the critical exponent $4/3$: for coefficients in ${\ell }_D^{4/3,q}$, the optimal Gaussian restriction constant grows like $(1+\log D{)}^{|3/4-1/q|}$. A multiscale wave-packet construction proves sharpness, including the delicate index $q=2$. The same threshold holds for fractional Gaussian noise, while Gaussian type and cotype alone do not distinguish the positive and negative cases. As a dispersive consequence, we establish a sharp Lorentz-channel spacetime estimate for linear capillary waves.