Galois Actions on Energy-Harmonic Functions

Abstract

We study the action of $\text{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})$ on the solutions to the discrete Dirichlet problem for a graph with fixed edge energies. We establish transitivity of the Galois action outside a thin set in the parameter space and demonstrate that the exceptional thin set may be Zariski dense, so the conclusion cannot in general be replaced by one that holds on a Zariski-open set. Identifying the parameter locus where the Galois action is transitive constrains the possibilities for linking combinatorial and arithmetic properties of the discrete energy-harmonic Laplace equations and other systems of the same form.

arXiv comment17 pages, 2 figures