Euclid Quick Data Release (Q1). Mass-to-light ratio of elliptical galaxies: constraints from strong lensing

Abstract

Mass is among the most fundamental properties describing a galaxy. The relation between the luminosity and the total mass of a galaxy contains information on the efficiency of the star formation process and on the distribution of dark matter. We used strong gravitational lensing data from the Euclid Quick Data Release 1 (Q1) to constrain the total mass enclosed within an aperture of $5h^{-1}$kpc, $M_5$, of elliptical galaxies. Our analysis is based on a sample of 95 lenses, which we built by ensuring that their selection function is reproducible. This enabled us to correct our inference for selection effects. The average ${\log }_{10}(M_{5}h{M}_{\odot }^{-1})$ for a galaxy with an $r$-band luminosity of $10^{10.7}{L}_{\odot }{h}^{-2}$ at $z=0.5$ is $11.30\pm 0.02$. The mass $M_5$ scales with luminosity to the power ${\beta }_{\mathrm{L}}=0.71\pm 0.07$, and decreases with increasing redshift at fixed luminosity. Assuming a scenario in which galaxies grow by mergers and stellar populations evolve passively, these correlations imply that $M_5$ increases with time for individual galaxies. These measurements provide a useful benchmark for testing models of galaxy structure and evolution that make predictions on the distribution of total mass on the scales of $5h^{-1}$kpc.

arXiv commentSubmitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics