Real-time volumetric MRI-guided MLC tracking: A feasibility study

Abstract

Background and purpose: The MR SIGnature MAtching (MRSIGMA) was recently proposed as a real-time free-breathing 3D MR imaging technique with an imaging latency of 148 ms. It is a powerful tool for intrafractional motion monitoring for disease sites such as those in the abdominal region. This study presents a proof-of-concept MLC tracking system for dynamic adaptation of the radiation treatment based on the real-time target localization facilitated by MRSIGMA on a 1.5 T MR-Linac. Material and methods: An MLC tracking interface was developed for integration with MRSIGMA. The centroid position of a moving target was computed in real time by MRSIGMA, which was then processed by a predictive filter to account for imaging and MLC adjustment latencies. The MLC leaves were repositioned by rigid translation. To validate the MLC tracking process, a 10 cm circular field was delivered to a moving phantom for a series of sinusoidal motions and patient motion. A clinical pancreas SBRT plan was also delivered with the patient motion trace. Results: For the circular field, geometric errors of <1.8 mm and overall system latency of < 125 ms were achieved for all motion traces. Compared to no tracking, MLC tracking remarkably improved the dosimetric accuracy for the circular field and the clinical pancreas plan, with an average Gamma passing rate increased from 87.1% to 99.9% based on a 3%/2mm criteria. Interpretation: A 3D MRI-guided MLC tracking technique was developed and validated on a clinical MR-Linac. Preliminary results demonstrated great dosimetric improvements with MLC tracking for treatments with moving targets.