Model-Independent Determination of Intrinsic Leptonic CP Violation

Abstract

Establishing leptonic Charge-Parity (CP) violation is a central goal of the next generation of long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. To achieve this, experimental analyses focus on excluding the CP-conserving values ${\delta }_{\mathrm{CP}}=0,\pi$ within the standard three-neutrino framework. We propose instead to establish CP violation as a phenomenon in a model-independent way. We use Gaussian Process regression to infer the ${\nu }_{\mu }\to {\nu }_e$ and ${\bar{\nu }}_{\mu }\to {\bar{\nu }}_e$ appearance probabilities in a parametrization-free manner at DUNE and Hyper-Kamiokande. By combining the two experiments, with mild assumptions on how matter impacts oscillations, we estimate how they can probe intrinsic CP violation in neutrino oscillations together. Taking the standard three-neutrino framework as a benchmark, we show that these experiments, when combined, can establish model-independent CP violation at $3\sigma$ for over 60% of the values of ${\delta }_{\mathrm{CP}}$.

arXiv comment7 pages, 4 figures