FAUST XXXII. Chemically layered structures and ionisation in the disk and envelope of NGC 1333 IRAS 4C

Abstract

Recent molecular line observations with high spatial resolutions have revealed vertical chemical stratification in Class I/II disks (i.e. chemical composition changing with height in the vertical direction of the disk), as well as a radial variation of ionisation rates. However, such chemical layered structures in Class 0 disk and envelope systems have been investigated only for limited objects, such as L1527. In the context of the ALMA Large Program FAUST, we report the results of molecular line observations toward the disk and envelope around the low-mass Class 0 protostar NGC 1333 IRAS 4C in the Perseus Molecular Cloud. Previous observations have shown that the disk rotation axis of this object is largely tilted to the line of sight, making it suitable for studying the molecular abundance distribution as a function of disk height. We found that the molecules known as gas density tracers such as C18O and H2CO are distributed around the disk midplane. In addition, molecules known as tracers of photochemical reactions such as CCH and c-C3H2 are distributed in the low-density upper layers of the disk, unlike the distribution in L1527. Moreover, the column density ratio of HCO+/CO derived from the H13CO+ and C18O line emission suggests that the ionisation degree and the ionisation rate vary with the disk radius and they are larger in the outer region of the disk and envelope.

arXiv comment30 pages, 13 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ) on October 20, 2026