Hybrid Lattice Surgery between Smooth Boundaries

Abstract

We develop smooth hybrid lattice surgery for group surface codes, enabling joint logical measurements through merge and split operations along smooth boundaries. The code patches may correspond to identical or different finite groups, including non-Abelian groups. Our central result is that smooth merge and split realize a logical $K$-coset measurement, where $K$ is the subgroup defining the interface. This generalizes the joint logical parity measurement of ordinary surface codes. Using a tensor-network representation, we derive explicit measurement circuits and develop procedures for correcting nonidentity measurement outcomes. We illustrate the framework through a generalized controlled multiplication gate between group surface codes and protocols for preparing the $T$, $CZ$, $CCX$, and $CS$ magic states, producing resources encoded in one or more ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ surface code patches. Our results show how smooth hybrid lattice surgery broadens the range of logical operations available for group surface codes.

arXiv comment15+7 pages, 14 figures, 1 table