Spectral Theory of an Exactly Solvable Quantum-Optical Oscillator

Abstract

We study a one-dimensional single-excitation model of a scalar photon field coupled to a continuum of two-level atoms with quadratic density. The resulting matrix Hamiltonian has an unbounded spatially varying coupling and is not semibounded. We prove that it is essentially self-adjoint and determine its spectrum explicitly. The continuous spectrum is the half-line $(-\infty ,\Omega ]$, where $\Omega$ is the atomic resonance frequency, while the spectrum above $\Omega$ consists of a strictly increasing sequence of simple eigenvalues. These eigenvalues are characterized by the interlaced zeros of the Airy function and its derivative and satisfy \begin{align*} ω_n = \left(\frac{3πg n}{4}\right)^{1/2} + \fracΩ{4} + O(n^{-1/2}). \end{align*} The analysis is based on a nonlinear spectral reduction that yields a confining massless relativistic oscillator above $\Omega$ and an inverted oscillator below $\Omega$.

arXiv comment15 pages, 1 figure