Hecke Eigenform Product Identities for Full-Level Hilbert Modular Forms

Abstract

We study full-level Hilbert Hecke eigenform product identities over totally real fields of degree at least two, allowing arbitrary compatible narrow class characters. Combining our results with previous work, we classify products of two Eisenstein eigenforms of positive parallel integral weights and products of an Eisenstein eigenform of weight at least two with a cuspidal eigenform of positive parallel integral weight. The unique identity in each of these two classes is given by $E_4=60E_2^2$ and $h_8=120E_2\cdot h_6$, respectively, both over $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{5})$. The proofs use constant-term comparisons, indecomposable Fourier exponents, integrality of reciprocal Eisenstein constant terms, and a Rankin-Selberg formula for Petersson inner products. In the remaining case of a weight-one Eisenstein factor and a cuspidal factor, we also establish $h_5=12E_1(1,\epsilon )\cdot h_4$ over $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{3})$, where $\epsilon$ is the nontrivial narrow class character. All eigenforms in these identities have unit-ideal coefficient one.