Fully Nonlinear Logistic Equations with Sanctuary Regions and Nonlocal Diffusion

Abstract

We study positive solutions of $Iu+\mu u=k(x)u^p$ in a bounded domain, where $p>1$, the nonnegative coefficient $k$ may vanish on a sanctuary region, and $I$ is a fully nonlinear nonlocal operator uniformly elliptic in the Caffarelli--Silvestre sense. We characterize the sharp existence interval in terms of positive principal half-eigenvalues and prove uniqueness. At the lower endpoint, the solutions vanish uniformly and their normalized profiles converge to the principal eigenfunction. If $k$ vanishes on a sanctuary ${\Omega }_0$, then, as $\mu \uparrow \lambda ({\Omega }_0)$, the solutions blow up locally uniformly in $\Omega$. Writing ${\varphi }_0=\varphi (\cdot ,{\Omega }_0)$ for the normalized positive principal eigenfunction in ${\Omega }_0$, we prove \[ \frac{u_μ}{\|u_μ\|_{L^\infty(Ω)}}\toϕ_0, \qquad \frac{u_μ}{\|u_μ\|_{L^\infty(Ω)}^{1/p}} \to\left(\frac{Iϕ_0}{k}\right)^{1/p}, \] uniformly in ${\mathbb{R}}^n$ and locally uniformly in $\Omega \setminus \overline{{\Omega }_0}$, respectively. Thus the upper-endpoint blow-up occurs on two distinct scales.

31 pages