Thermodynamic Digital Twins: Physics-Native Semantic Synchronization for 6G Kinetic Swarms

Abstract

The synchronization of large-scale kinetic swarms with digital twin networks can generate substantial signaling overhead when predictable motion is repeatedly reported. To reduce such redundancy, we propose the thermodynamic digital twin (TDT), a physics-guided synchronization framework that combines field-based state extrapolation with event-triggered correction. For a closed domain with vanishing boundary flux, the divergence--entropy relation is used as a physical motivation for identifying structural changes in the reconstructed swarm field. Based on Reynolds decomposition, the hierarchical thermodynamic synchronization (HTS) protocol separates low-dimensional macroscopic drift updates from full-state microscopic corrections. A locally measurable smoothed-particle-hydrodynamics descriptor, combining velocity divergence and acceleration, provides an implementation-oriented early-warning trigger, while a transport-error analysis provides a short-interval rule for limiting silent extrapolation. The same extrapolation mechanism is further used as a predictor-like delay compensator in the closed-loop digital twin. Across the evaluated numerical settings, TDT reduces the generated edge-to-cloud synchronization payload relative to the considered baselines and exhibits a favorable empirical trade-off between tracking error and communication cost. The results also indicate improved delay tolerance in the evaluated control loop.

arXiv comment6pages,5figures. Accepted to IEEE GLOBECOM 2026 Workshops (GC Workshops), 3rd Workshop on Digital Twins over NextG Wireless Networks