Dynamic Connectivity, Minimum Spanning Tree, and 2-Edge Connectivity with Polylogarithmic Worst-Case Update Time

Abstract

We give fully dynamic algorithms for maintaining connectivity, minimum spanning tree, and $2$-edge connectivity of a graph with worst-case polylogarithmic update time. Our algorithms are randomized and succeed with high probability against an adaptive adversary. For the minimum spanning tree and $2$-edge connectivity problems, this improves over the subpolynomial update time bounds obtained by Nanongkai, Saranurak, and Wulff-Nilsen [FOCS'17], Jin and Sun [FOCS'21], and Jin, Sun, and Thorup [SODA'24], respectively. The only randomized component of our algorithms is the computation of static expander decompositions, and a deterministic algorithm for said problem would directly imply deterministic algorithms for all three problems. This reduction is novel even for the connectivity problem.

arXiv commentTo appear in FOCS 2026