Localization Lengths for Two-Dimensional Random Band Matrices: Stretched-Exponential Lower Bounds

Abstract

We consider $N\times N$ random band matrices $H=(H_{xy})$ with centered complex Gaussian entries, indexed by points $x,y$ on the two-dimensional discrete torus $(\mathbb{Z}/\sqrt{N}\mathbb{Z}{)}^2$. The matrix entries $H_{xy}$ vanish whenever the distance between $x$ and $y$ exceeds a constant multiple of the bandwidth parameter $W$. We prove that, for any fixed $\epsilon >0$, if $W\ge (\log N{)}^{2+\epsilon }$, then all bulk eigenvectors are delocalized with high probability. Equivalently, this yields a lower bound of order $\exp (W^{1/2-\epsilon })$ on the localization length of two-dimensional random band matrices for arbitrarily small constant $\epsilon >0$, improving the superpolynomial lower bound $W^C$ for every fixed constant $C>0$ established in arXiv:2503.07606. A key ingredient of our proof is a new strategy that closes the resolvent flow analysis using only loop observables of order at most two, without relying on the higher-order loop hierarchy.

arXiv comment54 pages. The main results are strengthened through refinements of the technical arguments