Subset-Sum Density Realization in Locally Finite Abelian Groups

Abstract

Let $G$ be a countable locally finite abelian group, and let \[ G_1\leq G_2\leq\cdots, \qquad \bigcup_{i\geq1}G_i=G, \] be any filtration of $G$ by finite subgroups. For $A\subseteq G$, let $\mathcal{P}(A)$ denote the set of all finite subset sums of elements of $A$, and let $2G:=\{2g:g\in G\}$. We prove that $|2G|=\infty$ if and only if for every filtration and every interval $[\alpha ,\beta ]\subseteq [0,1]$, there exists $A\subseteq G$ such that the set of limit points of \[ \left( \frac{|\mathcal P(A)\cap G_i|}{|G_i|} \right)_{i\geq1} \] is exactly $[\alpha ,\beta ]$. We also prove a positive-density result that does not require $|2G|=\infty$: if $G$ is infinite and $\mathcal{P}(A)$ has positive upper density along the given filtration, then there is an infinite set $B\subseteq \mathcal{P}(A)$ such that $B+B\subseteq \mathcal{P}(A)$. Combining this with the realization theorem, we show that, when $|2G|=\infty$, every interval $[\alpha ,\beta ]$ with $0\le \alpha \le \beta \le 1$ and $\beta >0$ can be realized by a set $A$ with this additional property.