Open Inextensible Filaments in Planar Stokes Flow: Well-Posedness, Endpoint Asymptotics, and Straightening

Abstract

We study an inextensible open filament with free ends in a planar Stokes fluid. The system reduces to a third-order nonlocal curvature equation coupled to an elliptic equation for the tension. We prove local well-posedness for nearly critical initial data in supported Sobolev spaces ${\tilde{H}}^s$, $-1/2<s\le 0$, satisfying the arc-chord condition. For positive times, we prove improved Sobolev regularity and derive a $d^{3/2}$-type expansion at each free end using Wiener--Hopf factorization, where $d$ denotes the distance to that endpoint. We further prove global existence and exponential convergence to a straight filament for sufficiently small initial data and for finite-energy initial data satisfying $E(0)<{\pi }^2/4$. The finite-energy result follows from an energy identity and a geometric estimate relating the bending energy to the arc-chord constant. More generally, any finite-time breakdown must be accompanied by loss of the arc-chord condition, while every global solution either converges exponentially to a straight filament or has arc-chord constants tending to zero along a sequence of times tending to infinity.