Two-Phase Structure of Synchrotron-Cooling-Unstable Relativistic Plasma

Abstract

Using analytic theory, radiative particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations, and fluid simulations, we show that relativistic, synchrotron-cooling, collisionless, high-$\beta$ pair plasmas filament into a two-phase medium. This process occurs through the interplay of the synchrotron cooling instability (SCI) with the synchrotron firehose instability (SFHI). One phase has high plasma~$\beta$ and is infested with small-scale firehose fluctuations, which scatter particles and pin the pressure anisotropy to the firehose-marginal level. The other phase has much lower~$\beta$, causing the suppression of firehose modes and thus allowing large pressure anisotropies. We propose a fluid model for this two-phase plasma, which we use to study the linear and nonlinear evolution of the SCI and SFHI, and to predict the emergence time of the two-phase structure.

47 pages, 15 figures