Fields of definition of $p$-torsion points of elliptic curves and their ramification

Abstract

Let $E$ be an elliptic curve over ${\mathbb{Q}}_p$. We study the field ${\mathbb{Q}}_p(E[p])$ generated by the $p$-torsion points of $E$. When $E$ has good reduction, we determine not only ${\mathbb{Q}}_p(E[p])$ but also the field ${\mathbb{Q}}_p(P)$ for every point $P\in E[p]$. This classification yields criteria for the existence of $p$-torsion over unramified and Lubin--Tate extensions of ${\mathbb{Q}}_p$. As a global application, let $E/\mathbb{Q}$ be an elliptic curve and let $p$ be an odd prime of good reduction. Define $f_p(E)$ to be the multiplicative order of $a_p(E)$ modulo $p$ in the ordinary case, and set $f_p(E)=p^2-1$ in the supersingular case. We prove that $E(K)[p]=0$ for every number field $K/\mathbb{Q}$ with $[K:\mathbb{Q}]<f_p(E)$. When $E$ has bad reduction, we describe the ramified part of ${\mathbb{Q}}_p(E[p])/{\mathbb{Q}}_p$. For every reduction type, we determine the maximal upper ramification break of ${\mathbb{Q}}_p(E[p])/{\mathbb{Q}}_p$.

36 pages