Condensation and Collapse in the Mean-Field Limit of Rotating 2D Bose Gases with Two-Body and Three-Body Interactions

Abstract

We consider a system of $N$ interacting bosons in a rotating harmonic trap in ${\mathbb{R}}^2$, where the two-body interaction is attractive and scaled as $N^{2\alpha }U(N^{\alpha }x)$ with $0<\alpha <1/12$, and the three-body interaction is repulsive and scaled as $N^{4\beta }W(N^{\beta }x,N^{\beta }y)$ with $0<\beta <1/24$. In the mean-field limit, the ground state energy is effectively described by a rotating cubic-quintic nonlinear Schrödinger functional. We analyze the collapse regime where the two-body coupling $a$ approaches the critical value $a_{\ast }$ and the three-body coupling $b$ tends to zero. The NLS ground states blow up with a universal profile given by the optimizer of the Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequality, and the energy satisfies $E^{\mathrm{NLS}}=(1-\zeta /4+o(1))\mathcal{Q}\mathrm{pot}{\ell }_n^2$ with $\zeta ⩾0$ determined by the relative rates of $a_n\to a_{\ast }$ and $b_n\searrow 0$. From the many-body theory, we rigorously justify this effective description: the quantum ground state energy converges to the NLS energy with the same asymptotic expansion in the collapse regime, and the many-body ground states exhibit complete Bose-Einstein condensation onto the universal blow-up profile.

44pages