Sharp Propagation and the Local-to-Nonlocal Transition for Fractional Fisher-KPP Equations on Integer Lattices

Abstract

Let $P$ denote normalized nearest-neighbor averaging on ${\mathbb{Z}}^d$ and set $A=I-P$. We consider ${\partial }_{t}u+A^{s}u=f(u),t>0,x\in {\mathbb{Z}}^d,0<s<1.$ For a Fisher-KPP reaction with $a=f^{\prime }(0)>0$, compactly supported data have logarithmic propagation rate $a/(d+2s)$. In the logistic case, each fixed level set lies between two constant multiples of $\exp (at/(d+2s))$; this localization remains valid for data with the critical algebraic tail. Nondecreasing front-like data in one dimension instead propagate at rate $a/(2s)$, and the resulting acceleration rules out planar traveling fronts of finite speed in every dimension. We also analyze the singular limit $s\uparrow 1$. If ${\tau }_s=-\log (1-s)$, then throughout $at<{\tau }_s$ compactly supported solutions follow the Wulff shape of the local nearest-neighbor equation. After a constant multiple of ${\tau }_s$, their propagation is exponential. Half-space data exhibit the corresponding transition from the directional local speed to the exponent $a/(2s)$. The analysis rests on sharp bounds for the subordinated kernel, algebraic barriers, a compactness--Liouville argument, and a decomposition of the fractional walk into its nearest-neighbor and rare long-jump parts.

arXiv comment53 pages