The Cross-Correlation Distribution of the Niho-Type Decimation $d=4(2^m-1)+1$

Abstract

The cross-correlation problem is a classical problem in sequence design. In this paper, we determine the cross-correlation distribution of the Niho-type decimation $d=4(2^m-1)+1$ over ${\mathbb{F}}_{2^{2m}}$ for every positive integer $m$. With $q=2^m$, this is equivalent to determining the distribution of the number of roots in $U_{q+1}$ of $f_a(x)=x^7+a{x}^4+\bar{a}{x}^3+1$ for $a\in {\mathbb{F}}_{q^2}$, where $U_{q+1}=\{x\in {\mathbb{F}}_{q^2}:x^{q+1}=1\}$. The main difficulty is to count the four-element subsets of $U_{q+1}$ that may occur as root sets of $f_a$. We normalize such subsets by their product and study the resulting condition through the associated resolvent. This reduces the required enumeration to several equations over ${\mathbb{F}}_q$, which are evaluated by character sums and Kloosterman sums. The remaining mixed Kloosterman sum is related to a Kloosterman sum over ${\mathbb{F}}_{2^{2m}}$ and is evaluated using a theorem of Carlitz. Consequently, we obtain explicit formulas for all the frequencies in the cross-correlation distribution.