An Affine Semigroup from Orbifold Boundary Conditions: cut, phylogenetic and hierarchical models in the unit-weight sector, and weighted configurations beyond them

Abstract

The equivalence classes of boundary conditions of a gauge theory on a two-dimensional orbifold are the fibres of a marginal map, indexed by an affine semigroup: one generator per alphabet label, graded by weight, embedded by its local data at the fixed points. This note identifies that semigroup. Without weights the configuration has a name and a literature, whose results about our cases are attributed here: over ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ it is the cut configuration of an explicit graph in the sense of Sturmfels-Sullivant --- the four-cycle for $T^2/{\mathbb{Z}}_2$, the wheel $W_4$ for $S^1/{\mathbb{Z}}_2\times S^1/{\mathbb{Z}}_2$ --- verified as an equality of configurations; over ${\mathbb{Z}}_m$ with equal cone orders, the group-based phylogenetic model on a claw tree; with unequal orders, a mixed-order variant we do not find in the literature; for higher products, the binary hierarchical model of a cross-polytope boundary complex. The product orbifold's ring is a row of a 2008 table --- codimension, degree, minimal generators, normality --- every invariant of which our machinery reproduced without knowing of it. What none of the three covers is the alphabet with weights, which arise from induction to higher-dimensional irreducibles of a non-abelian space group and from conjugate-pair recombination over real or quaternionic ground. That sector is adjacent to, but not identified with, the non-abelian direction Sturmfels and Sullivant raised in 2005, and is where our contributions sit: gluing trees for the weighted alphabets and the orthogonal and symplectic columns, and the group-based model on the tripod, a complete intersection exactly when the finite abelian group has order at most three. The first group beyond ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ separates local from global: the ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$ tripod is a complete intersection on the Zariski-open set the phylogenetics literature works in, and not globally.

16 pages, 3 figures. Companion to Part IX-A, "The Alphabet of Orbifold Boundary Conditions", which determines the alphabet whose relations are computed here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22254861 . This note's record, with every ancillary script and its archived receipt: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22254863