Testing $f(Q)$ Gravity with Logarithmic Equation of State Using Latest Cosmological Data

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the late-time accelerated expansion of the Universe in power law $f(Q)$ gravity, where a logarithmic dark energy parametrization is considered: ${\omega }_{de}(z)={\omega }_0+{\omega }_1\ln (1+z)$. This description gives a smooth deviation from a constant equation of state within the complete range of redshifts. We obtain an analytical expression for the Hubble parameter and we use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo to compare the model with the most recent observational data obtained from Pantheon${}^{+}$ Type Ia supernovae, Baryon Acoustic Oscillation measurements from the second data release (DR2) of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, and Cosmic Chronometers. We then perform a statistical comparison between our model and the standard $\Lambda$CDM model using the Akaike Information Criterion and the Bayesian Information Criterion. From our results, we conclude that the use of logarithmic parametrization in the $f(Q)$ gravity model $f(Q)=Q+6\gamma H_0^2{\left(\frac{Q}{Q_0}\right)}^n$ is a valid and more flexible alternative to standard dark energy models, as it provides a richer phenomenology at low redshifts.