Spectral gap for the three-dimensional damped cubic wave equation with degenerate noise

Abstract

We establish a weighted Wasserstein spectral gap for the three-dimensional damped cubic wave equation with genuinely finite rank Brownian forcing. Under a saturation condition, the gap holds with respect to the negative phase topology ${\mathcal{E}}_s=H^{-s}\times H^{-1-s}$ for every $0<s<1/2$, from which we deduce unique ergodicity and exponential mixing in the energy topology. Sharp geometric characterizations of the saturation condition are also obtained. The method we develop is a stable--compact asymptotic coupling mechanism for hypoelliptic dissipative SPDEs beyond the parabolic setting. Instead of relying on positive time smoothing or asymptotic gradient estimates, it reduces the infinite-dimensional obstruction to contraction to a compact defect in a weaker coupling topology. Dense Malliavin range then permits this defect to be compensated by a finite dimensional Cameron--Martin shift, producing a finite distance contraction on bounded Lyapunov cores. Together with a separate high energy contraction from dissipation, this yields a global weighted Wasserstein spectral gap.

53 pages