Free-Energy Asymptotics of the Two-Dimensional Quantum Heisenberg Ferromagnet

Abstract

We prove the leading low-temperature free-energy asymptotics of the nearest-neighbour quantum Heisenberg ferromagnet on ${\mathbb{Z}}^2$. For every fixed $S\in \{\frac{1}{2},1,\frac{3}{2},\dots \}$, the free energy per site satisfies \[ \lim_{β\to\infty}β^2S f_2(β,S)=-\fracπ{24}. \] This formula was predicted by Takahashi's modified spin-wave theory [15]. Napiórkowski and Seiringer proved the corresponding upper bound but left the matching lower bound in two dimensions open [13], a gap later highlighted again by Seiringer [14]. We prove this missing bound through a new comparison between the magnon exclusion dynamics and free bosons, based on extending wave functions to collision configurations with controlled kinetic cost.