Uniform $L^2$ Non-Localization on Integrable Polygons: Eigenfunctions, Quasimodes, and Spectral Clusters

Abstract

We study the $L^2$ localization problem for Dirichlet Laplacian eigenfunctions on integrable polygonal domains. We prove uniform $L^2$ non-localization for the complete class of integrable polygons in the trigonometric spectral classification: rectangles, isosceles right triangles, equilateral triangles, and hemi-equilateral triangles. More precisely, for every such domain $\Omega$ and every measurable set $V\subset \Omega$ with $|V|>0$, we show that \[ \inf_{λ\inσ(-Δ_Ω)} \inf_{\substack{u\in \ker(-Δ_Ω-λI)\setminus\{0\}}} \frac{\|u\|_{L^2(V)}} {\|u\|_{L^2(Ω)}}>0. \] This gives a complete $L^2$ non-localization answer for the integrable subclass of the polygonal localization problem. The proof uses known Schrödinger observability estimates on rectangular tori and equilateral triangles, together with reflection and symmetry reductions. Since the Schrödinger evolution acts by a scalar phase on each Laplacian eigenspace, the resulting stationary estimate is uniform over the entire eigenspace and therefore remains valid in the presence of spectral multiplicity. We also obtain the following two extensions. For rectangles and isosceles right triangles, stationary estimates on rectangular flat tori yield eigenvalue- and eigenspace-uniform non-localization for Dirichlet Schrödinger operators with real-valued bounded potentials on every nonempty open observation set. In addition, starting from a full-space Schrödinger observability inequality, we derive an explicit defect estimate for approximate eigenfunctions. As a consequence, sufficiently accurate quasimodes and arbitrary vectors in sufficiently narrow spectral clusters satisfy uniform lower mass bounds.

27 pages, 1 figure