Electrostatic lens of a charged vortex

Abstract

We study the local electrostatic response of a charged superfluid in the presence of a cylindrically symmetric vortex, allowing both the particle density and the thermodynamic compressibility to vary with the radial coordinate. Starting from the electrostatic charge response obtained from the phase-only Popov action, we introduce a local-density extension and derive the regular near-axis expansion of the scalar potential. The constant, quadratic, and quartic coefficients are obtained explicitly in terms of the local screening response and of the leading nonuniform contribution to the vortex density profile. For a three-dimensional unitary Fermi equation of state, the density dependence of the compressibility generates a definite thermodynamic contribution to the quartic coefficient. The resulting decomposition separates this equation-of-state contribution from the ordinary constant-screening and charge-source terms that occur at the same order. This provides a compact analytical connection between vortex-core thermodynamics and the local electrostatic profile of a charged superfluid.

5 pages