Classical polynomial inequalities for quadratic forms on an octagonal sector

Abstract

We establish a collection of sharp inequalities for real quadratic forms on the first-quadrant sector of a regular octagon. Starting from the complete extreme-point description of the associated polynomial unit ball, we compute the exact pointwise Bernstein function for the Euclidean gradient. One extreme curve controls the problem: its endpoint is active up to slope $1/2$, after which the maximizer follows an explicit Cardano branch. We obtain the sharp Markov constant $2\sqrt{5}$, the exact relative quadratic polarization constant $2$, the canonical unconditional constant $3$, and the body-relative Bohr radius $1/\sqrt{3}$. We also determine the optimal coefficient ${\ell }_q$-comparison for every $1\le q\le \infty$. The same norm-one polynomial is extremal for all these global constants. At $q=4/3$ the result is a sharp fixed-space coefficient inequality of \textit{Bohnenblust--Hille type}.

24 pages, 6 figures