Actuator Disk Models reproduce Actuator Line Model power and thrust fluctuation statistics in wind farm simulations

Abstract

Actuator-disk models (ADM) are widely used in wind-farm simulations, but their accuracy in reproducing power and thrust temporal fluctuation statistics has not yet been compared to the more accurate and detailed predictions of actuator-line models (ALM). This work provides a detailed comparison of such model predictions under three distinct atmospheric conditions. Data is obtained from a database (JHTDB-Wind) containing actuator-line turbine-response and time-resolved flow field data from a large-eddy simulation of a small windfarm operating over a full diurnal cycle. Power and thrust time series corresponding to ADM are constructed from disk-averaged velocity signals and compared with the corresponding more detailed actuator-line signals over three temporal windows within the diurnal cycle. The analysis compares time series, power spectral densities, and both the fluctuation and increment probability density distributions. The results show that the ADM time-series capture the dominant temporal, spectral, and statistical features of the ALM values at resolved and disk-averaged flow-field time scales, i.e. slower than the rotor frequency. Effects of temporal filtering that are often applied to ADM inputs are examined. Overall, the results provide strong support for the use of ADM for predicting power and thrust fluctuation statistics in wind-farm simulations.