Proximal Relations in Asymptotically Commutative Non-Autonomous Dynamical Systems

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate various forms of proximal relations for non-autonomous dynamical systems. In particular, we introduce the notion of pointwise asymptotic commutativity and asymptotic commutativity, and show that these are strictly weaker than classical commutativity. We establish conditions under which different proximal relations, including proximality, syndetic proximality, and regional proximality, exhibit invariance and structural properties. In particular, we relate proximality with equicontinuity and weak mixing, and characterize conditions where proximal relations become trivial or maximal. Further, for systems generated by uniformly and strongly convergent sequences, we derive connections between proximal pairs of the system, its product systems, and the corresponding limiting system. Several examples are provided to demonstrate the necessity of the assumptions and the sharpness of the results.