Towards a physics-informed multiscale digital twin for precision medicine in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

Deciphering the drivers of brain ageing and neurodegeneration, and explaining heterogeneity in individual trajectories, remains a central challenge for precision medicine. We propose PIM-BrainTwin, a physics-informed multiscale digital twin for Alzheimer's disease that draws on materials-science principles--fatigue-like depletion, safety margins and critical transitions--to quantify residual compensatory capacity and system stability. Designed as an open, modular and federated platform, it enables alternative mechanistic hypotheses to be formalised, compared and refined.

Perspective; 15-page main manuscript with 1 figure, followed by 17 pages of Supplementary Information