A Dynamical Mechanism for Irreversibility in Cyclically Driven Amorphous Solids

Abstract

Amorphous solids subjected to athermal quasistatic oscillatory shear undergo a transition from periodic reversible dynamics to irreversible diffusive dynamics at yielding. How irreversibility arises in such deterministic, strongly dissipative systems remains unclear. Here we directly test the proposal that post-yield irreversibility originates from chaotic dynamics and exponential sensitivity to initial conditions. Contrary to this interpretation, perturbations initially contract rather than grow, even in the irreversible regime, with nearby trajectories remaining close for extended periods. Separation occurs only through rare branching events, after which the distance grows diffusively at the rate expected for independent trajectories. The waiting times to branching are exponentially distributed, defining a steady-state branching rate that vanishes in trained reversible limit cycles and becomes finite above yielding. A mean-field soft-spot model reproduces these branching statistics and reveals their microscopic origin: a small perturbation can reverse the activation order of two nearly degenerate plastic instabilities, altering the subsequent sequence of plastic events. These results show how local stability and global irreversibility can coexist in a dissipative many-body system and identify instability-selection-induced branching as a distinct dynamical route to irreversibility in driven amorphous solids.