Linear-Time Verification of Rings and Fields

Abstract

We consider the following problems: Given two $n\times n$ tables defining binary operations $+$ and $\cdot$ on a set $S$ of $n$ elements, decide whether $(S,+,\cdot )$ forms a ring or, respectively, a field. Recently, Dudek, Fischer, Gokaj, Jin, Künnemann, Mao, and Redzic (STOC 2026) obtained the following two (near-)optimal results: (1) A randomized $O(n^2\log (1/\delta ))$-time algorithm for verifying rings. (2) A deterministic $O(n^2)$-time algorithm for verifying fields. Their algorithms build on machinery of Evra, Gadot, Klein, and Komargodski (FOCS 2024), which relies on Classification of Finite Simple Groups (CFSG). In this work, we give a deterministic $O(n^2)$-time algorithm for ring verification, resolving the deterministic complexity of this problem. As a corollary, we also obtain a deterministic $O(n^2)$-time algorithm for field verification. Our algorithms are elementary and avoid CFSG machinery entirely.