About two results for new valid juggling sequences

Abstract

In this note, we study two simple operations for extending juggling (siteswap) sequences, called first throws and last catches. Both constructions come from a natural question for a juggler: how can one add throws at the beginning or catches at the end of a pattern without creating a collision? Using landing times and the permutation test, we give necessary and sufficient conditions under which these constructions, when applied to an arbitrary valid siteswap, produce another valid siteswap. We complement our analysis with several examples. An interactive visualization of these extensions is available in [Para].