Construction of Sets of Orthogonal Quantum States with Minimal Nonlocality in Bipartite and Tripartite Systems of Unequal Local Dimensions

Abstract

The research on minimal nonlocality aims to determine the minimal cardinality of nonlocal sets of quantum states. However, the construction of a nonlocal set of states in bipartite or tripartite quantum systems with unequal local dimensions remains unsolved. In this paper, we first give a method to construct a set of orthogonal quantum states with minimal nonlocality in ${\mathbb{C}}^4\otimes {\mathbb{C}}^7$ quantum system. Then we give a general method to construct a set of orthogonal quantum states with minimal nonlocality in a bipartite quantum system with unequal local dimensions. Furthermore, we generalize the construction method to tripartite quantum system with unequal local dimensions, and construct a set of orthogonal quantum states with minimal nonlocality in ${\mathbb{C}}^{d_1}\otimes {\mathbb{C}}^{d_2}\otimes {\mathbb{C}}^{d_3}$ quantum system for $5\le d_1<d_2<d_3$. Our work settles the construction problem of a set of orthogonal states with minimal nonlocality in both bipartite and tripartite systems with unequal local dimensions.