Significant ordinary Nernst effect contribution to spin-orbit torque harmonic Hall measurements in metallic structures
arXiv:2607.27813 · doi:10.1103/3blc-lz55
The paper demonstrates that the ordinary Nernst effect contributes noticeably to second‑harmonic Hall voltages in Cr/Co bilayers, which can cause spin‑orbit torque efficiencies to be overestimated when this effect is ignored.
Abstract
The harmonic Hall measurements are commonly used to quantify the spin-orbit torque in ferromagnet/normal metal bilayers. The contribution from ordinary Nernst effect to the second harmonic voltages is usually assumed to be negligible and omitted in the data analysis. We show that in Cr/Co bilayers the ordinary Nernst effect cannot be neglected and can lead to largely exaggerated values of spin-orbit torque efficiency. Conducting additional experiments, we estimate the Nernst coefficient of Cr and find it comparable to the values reported for other metals. Consequently, the ordinary Nernst effect should be carefully considered when employing the harmonic Hall technique to quantify spin-orbit torque in metals, while the results of some previous works might need to be re-examined.
9 pages, 4 figures, 1 table