Neutral Entry--Exit Cycles with Quadratic Grazing: Uniform Return Reduction and Local Two-Parameter Bifurcations
arXiv:2607.27464
The paper analyzes how many limit cycles can appear in planar slow–fast piecewise‑smooth systems when an invariant‑line entry‑exit delay and a quadratic grazing of the switching line occur together, establishing sharp bounds of two or three cycles depending on curvature and grazing‑mismatch signs, and providing uniform Poincaré displacement expansions with certified interval‑arithmetic verification.
Abstract
We study planar continuous piecewise-smooth slow--fast return circuits in which an invariant-line entry--exit passage is followed by a separated quadratic grazing and the reference cycle has unit multiplier. We first prove that the physical entry--exit map for positive slow parameter extends, uniformly to any prescribed finite order, to the singular parameter, including nonvertical endpoint fibers. In the exact moving penetration coordinate, composition with the grazing passage gives the extended Poincare displacement . Under a rank-two unfolding, we use the exact constant and linear coefficients of as parameters and construct, for every sufficiently small fixed positive slow parameter, a unique nonpenetrating fold, a unique penetrating fold, and the grazing-incidence stratum. We give the complete marked chamber decomposition by nonpenetrating, grazing, and penetrating cycles and determine their stability from the Poincare multiplier. The open chambers contain zero or two cycles when the smooth and grazing coefficients have the same sign, and one or three when their signs are opposite; the corresponding cyclicity bounds are sharp corollaries. A compact polynomial family realizes both sign classes. In a cutoff-Gause family, interval certificates isolate one singular balanced-neutral point in each of two parameter boxes and verify the required signs and rank; an analytic local pullback transfers the diagram to the response parameters. Thus one local classification records cycle number, itinerary, and stability across the grazing and fold boundaries.
43 pages, 3 figures. Revised literature positioning and exposition; complete marked two-parameter bifurcation diagram, itinerary and stability classification, and cutoff-Gause parameter pullback. Ancillary files contain dual-backend interval certificates, a CAPD validated-ODE certificate, separately labelled positive-parameter numerical material, and a reproduction guide