Energetic Particle Acceleration and Transport: Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections and Shocks
arXiv:2607.26767
The paper reviews recent observations of solar energetic particles and how interplanetary coronal mass ejections and shocks accelerate and transport these particles, highlighting data from Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe.
Abstract
Solar Energetic Particles from suprathermal (few keV) up to relativistic (few GeV) energies constitute an important contributor to the characterization of the space environment. Emitted from the Sun they are associated with solar flares and shock waves driven by Coronal Mass Ejections. This review presents important recent results of the study of Interplanetary CMEs and shocks in relation to energetic particle acceleration and transport, taking advantage of multi-point, multi-instrument observations available by a fleet of spacecraft in the heliosphere. In particular, the Solar Orbiter and Parker Solar Probe pioneering missions providing unprecedented measurements of energetic particles in the near-Sun environment offer promising insights into several unresolved questions particularly regarding the mechanisms responsible for the acceleration and transport of energetic particles in the heliosphere and their relative contributions.