A Supermassive Black Hole Mass Measurement in NGC 5102 with Schwarzschild Orbit-superposition Modeling

Abstract

We present a stellar-dynamical mass measurement of the central black hole in the lenticular galaxy NGC~5102 (SA0${}^{-}$). Our analysis combines high-quality integral-field spectroscopy from the VLT Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer with high-spatial- and high-spectral-resolution Hubble Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph observations, using the Ca II triplet as a stellar kinematic tracer. We constrain the black hole mass with axisymmetric, three-integral Schwarzschild orbit-superposition models, incorporating surface brightness measurements from HST F547M WFPC2 imaging. Assuming a distance of $3.66\mathrm{Mpc}$, we find a black hole mass of $(1.30_{-0.18}^{+0.19})\times 10^6{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$, which is within $1.7\ddot{I}ƒ$ of a previous CO band-head-based Jeans Anisotropic Modeling result ($M_{\bullet }=(9.1_{-1.5}^{+1.8})\times 10^5{\mathrm{M}}_{\odot }$). Our measurement is also consistent with literature extrapolations of the $M_{\bullet }$-$\ddot{I}{ƒ}_e$ relation into the currently under-sampled low-mass regime. The close agreement between these independent dynamical approaches provides external validation of the Jeans Anisotropic Modeling framework and supports the robustness of our Schwarzschild orbit-superposition result, bolstering confidence in future black hole mass measurements with this framework.

23 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

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